Conformation
Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog’s structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed’s written breed standard. A dog that conforms to most of the items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have good conformation. Unlike equine conformation, there are no fixed rules for dog conformation, as dogs are the most variable in appearance of any animals (“Phenotypic variation among dog breeds, whether it be in size, shape, or behavior, is greater than for any other animal”).
Instead, conformation in dogs is based on the dog type from which the breed developed, along with many details that have been added to the breed standard for purposes of differentiation from other breeds, for working reasons, or for enhancing the beauty of the animals from the viewpoint of the fanciers who wrote the breed standards.
Breed standards
The breed standard for each breed of dog details desirable and undesirable attributes of appearance and temperament for an individual breed. Due to the great variability in dogs, there is no one standard of good conformation. What is good conformation for a lapdog will not be good conformation for a guard dog; good leg structure for a dog that must travel long distances will not be the same as good leg structure for dogs whose conformation requires short bursts of speed.
Breed standards are designed solely to describe the breed’s history and purpose, temperament, and appearance. The breed standard is not a checkbox list of requirements, but rather a description, giving a detailed “word picture” of an idealized dog of that breed.
Requirements for documentation, genetic testing, health testing, testing for particular styles of work or fitness for particular dog sports or requirements for training are beyond the scope of a breed standard, and are instead developed as breeder guidelines by breed clubs, kennel clubs, or even by national agricultural department rules.
Conformation refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog’s structure and appearance, along with the dog’s expected temperament, which varies for each breed or type of dog.
For details about contents of a breed’s breed standard and what is considered good conformation for a particularbreed, see the article about that specific breed of dog.
The Role of the Judge
Judges examine the dogs, then give awards according to how closely each dog compares to the judge’s mental image of the “perfect” dog described in the breed’s official standard. The standard describes the characteristics that allow the breed to perform the function for which it was bred.
These standards include specifications for structure, temperament and movement.The official written standard for each breed is maintained by the breed’s national club and is included in the The Complete Dog Book published by the AKC.
The judges are experts on the breeds they are judging. They examine (“go over”) each dog with their hands to see if the teeth, muscles, bones and coat texture conform to the breed’s standard. They view each dog in profile for overall balance, and watch each dog gait (“move”) to see how all of those features fit together in action.
Conformation Drop-in classes: mimic what the handler and dog is expected to do in a conformation dog show. Drop-in classes help prepare the dog and handler for what is expected of them within the conformation ring.